The attributive phrases, as «short adjective / participle + noun», for example ʻein ewig Lobgedichtʼ (Gellert), ʻmein glühend Herzʼ (Griphius), ʻein herrlich Losʼ (Goethe), can not be accurately determined from the viewpoint of the modern German syntax, because on the one hand, we can see in these phrases the attributive relations between adjective / participle and noun; on the other hand, the lack of inflexions of adjective / participle making nature of the relationship within the phrase are not quite clear. This article discusses grammatical, semantic and stylistic features of the use of the generalizing poetic formulas, one component of which is a verbal form – present participle; explains the causes of the conservation of such phrases as characteristic means of expression of imagery of German poetry. Analysis of the use of these attributive word-combinations in the poetic works of German poets XVII–XIX centuries showed that the causes of such using of these structures must be sought in the previous stages of development of the German language. Not in the last turn, it was due to the development and the reinforcement in the language the general category of adjective feature, which was detached from the specific subject and received a considerable degree of abstraction. Often this abstract sense of the feature is implemented in the studied phrases, perceived usually like a poetic generalization, universal poetic formula, metaphoric phrases.

The article analyzes the wartime diaries written by the prominent Polish writer Zofia Nalkowska. The publication of «Diaries» in 1970 being a notable event in the literature of the time, found a response for readers of different states. This is not only a narration of the war events, but also a immediate expression the of the writerʼs personality.

Selected issues of Czech language prosody relative to the Russian language. The article describes the basic prosodic means of the Czech language and compares them with the corresponding elements of the Rusian phonological system. Attention is paid to rhythm and intonation, the comparison results are analyzed in terms of teaching Russian as a foreign language to Czech native speakers. The article emphasizes the importance of prosodic means in the realization of communication, which is, unfortunately, not always reflected in teaching pronunciation to pupils in schools and students in universities.

Wiki is an Internet page with special functions. Its users can independently change structure and contents by means of the tools given by a site. The most known project of a similar sort is Wikipedia. The site of Wiki suggests all users edit any page or create new pages, using an usual web-browser, gives the chance to correct the text by means of the site, without application of other editors, and changes appear right after their entering. Content is divided into the called pages, communication between them is supported by the creation of references to other pages of the site or on various foreign Internet sources. Application of Wiki resources in student teaching gives the opportunity to the teacher to represent methodical materials in the interactive form, supplement and edit which all participants of the project can, enrich lecture materials with photos, audio records and video fragments, and also collectively to create teaching materials, creative works – an essay, presentations, ENCYCLOPEDIAS. Active use of Wiki-sites in educational process develops creative potential of the student, learns to work with the information, to state it, to systematize and analyze, develops ability to work in collective.

This article concerns the causes of the transition from slang lexical units of criminal gangs to a more open form of language – youth slang. The author in her study also lists the basic processes accompanying the mentioned transition in the Spanish language – fluctuation of phonemes, apocope, truncation and deformation of lexical units, productive mechanisms that change lexical values using the metonymical and metaphorical transfer, contraction and expansion of the lexical and semantic values of the units. Lexical units from different language formas are compared on the basis of the thesaurus compiled by the Spanish Forensic linguist S. Garcia Ramos, and five dictionaries of the Spanish youth slang. The article may be of interest to students and professionals in Spanish studies, Sociolinguistics, Spoken language forms and Forensic Linguistics.

These article analyses the description of the semantic class of adjectives presented in the first grammar of Quechua by Domingo de Santo Tomás. On the one hand, Santo Tomás’s representation is compared with the Iberian grammar tradition of the first half of the XVI century and with some contemporary linguistic theories in relation of its adequacy, on the other. It is demonstrated that Santo Tomás bases the major part of his description on the latin tradition. Nonetheless, the analysis reveals also some discrepancy with the tradition and convergence in some points with modern theories.

The article presents the analyses of one of the aspects of the linguistic concept of the outstanding Castilian king and cultural figure of the 13th century Alfonso X the Learned, who is know for his encyclopedic knowledge, linguistic farsightedness and influence over European culture and science. The author of the article has focused on the analysis of the «grammar». Due to the absence in the extended work of the king of a separate study, dedicated to the linguistic matters, the research of the linguistic concept is based on a material of juridical and historical works: «Siete Partidas», «Septenario», «Estoria de Espanna», «General Estoria». Grammar – the most important of the seven liberal arts in the education system of the Early Middle Ages, gradually changes her position and suffers influence of logic during 11th-13th centuries. This affects also the ideas of Alfonso X, that combine the traditional approach to the grammar and logical influences, arrived from the universities of Chartres and Paris.

The article is devoted to Ľudovít Štúr’s biography and his works. He was a well-known public figure and codifier of standard Slovak. There were discussed the most important milestones of Štúr’s career as a politician, a scientist, a writer and a publisher. The author analyzes the philosophical and ideological roots of his linguistic works and gives an insight into the sociolinguistic situation in Slovakia in the middle of the XIX century. Particular attention is paid to the problem of the genesis of the literary language codified by Štúr and to the identification of the base dialect of the idiom.

The author presents an analysis of ideological views of the Slovak national revival by Luďovít Štúr in the national philosophy; philosophy of history, nation, language, and partly aesthetic. He follows the evolution of opinions on the axis of the West – East from the perspective of nature and provenance of ideological sources as well as cultural and geopolitical preferences. To understand Ľudovít Štúr‘s ideological sources, the author examines the extent of the presence of a Hegelian, Herder, Slavophile and partly Humboldtian elements in Štúr philosophical views on various stages of his life and work. As part of his characteristics of cultural and geopolitical preferences the author focuses on chronological aspects of the creation and further development of views which are presented in the post-revolutionary phase of his work. In the final part of the article, the author describes (among other things) invariant basis to understand issues of national philosophy, which are reflected in Štúr works during his entire creative life.

The article focuses on the basic provisions and the fate of the Ľudovít Štúr’s treatise «Slavs and the world of the future». Having embraced the idea of «Slavonic mutuality» contained in the writings of his predecessors – J. Kollár and P.J. Šafárik Štúr much reinterpreted and presented his interpretation of the ideas outlined ways of uniting the Slavs, led by Russia.

This paper focuses on the facts of the Slovak writing history showing that Ľ. Štúr’s codification was an organic continuation of proceeding language processes. These include the emergence of a specific idiom, resulted from the interaction of the Czech language with Central Slovak dialect, functioned in Lutheran spiritual literature and presented, in particular, in the 1634 Catechism published by D. Pribiš, the total displacement of the Czech language from high poetry of Lutherans from 30th of the XIX century and 1835 «partial precodification» of the modern literary language based on Central Slovak dialect.

The autor introduces the correspondence between Ľ. Štúr and Russian Slavists. In his letters Štúr described complicated picture of the social, political and literary situation in Slovakia and disapointment of the Šturʼs generation after the 1848 Revolution. On the other hand, those letters are proof of warm relationship between Slovak and Russian scientists. L. Stur knew a lot of them personally and he was corresponding with them untill the end of his life. Štúr’s letters were addressed to Russian Slavists I.I. Sreznevskij, O.M. Bodanskij and M.F. Rajevskij.

Sources of knowledge about L. Shtur is his canonical visual image – his portrait, as well as the prevailing notions of his political, scientific and literary activities. It is important to study his own writings, speeches, articles, published letters, statements of contemporaries and memories of his closest associates. Outstanding personality of Shtur attracted writers, becoming an artistic image. As an example, analysis of three incarnations of this image in the works of writers of different periods, different ideological positions and different style. Knowlege of this works allows to complete his usual portrait with living human traits, achieve better understanding of the identity of one of the largest figures in Slovak history.

The figure of Ľudovít Štúr (1815–1856), a prominent politician and public figure, poet and ideologist, codifier of the Slovak literary language, attracted the attention of Slovak playwrights and directors, starting with the twentieth anniversary of the inter-war (V. G. V., L. Zubek). At the turn of XX–XXI centuries in the Slovak scene appeared a number of dramatic works in which the central figure is given Ľudovít Štúr and his associates. Many of these productions have caused the rapid response of the audience and numerous reviews in the press because of the unusual interpretation of images of Ľudovít Štúr and his associates and original stage solutions. Along with the traditional form of literary plays Karol Horak, Juraj Sarvas, Jana Juranova arose musical-dramatic and musical performances about Ľudovít Štúr («Shturovtsy (canceled the concert)», «...Your Ludevit»), which also managed to bring images of L. Štúr and his associates, their ideas and creativity of modern Slovak audience.

The article discusses the derivatives of the proper name of the Blessed Virgin Mary and of the hagioanthroponyms of some highly honoured saints in Spain, such as the apostle James, son of Zebedee, the patron of Spain; Anthony the Great, Agatha of Sicily, Santo André de Teixido and of the poor beggar Lazarus mentioned in a famous parable of Jesus appearing in the Gospel of Luke [Luke 16: 19–31]. The author makes an attempt to consider the hagioanthroponyms as the cultural concepts which is necessary to get to know the Spanish worldview. The purpose of the work is to elicit the components of meaning of these derivates, specific for the Spanish culture. The article provides two classifications: the first one is based on the derivational patterns and the second one is based on semantics. The work is an interdisciplinary research and can be useful for works in the field of linguistics, cultural science and religion studies.

The creation of the image of Zhukov as a saint goes back to the archaic folklore. It is reflected in different types of discourse. For instance, in the family discourse his wonderful physical abilities, piety, patriotism, father’s care for soldiers are emphasized. The motives of closeness to the folk and the belonging of his figure to historical and cultural memory also are characteristic for the image of Zhukov in the official discourse. The religious discourse regards him as a martyr chosen by God.