The article examines some fundamental changes wich can befound in the poetics of works of the 60s in comparison with the works of the previous period of Socialist Realism. The material of this article is based on a story by B. Hrabal (collection «Pearls of the Deep», 1963) and the novel by J. Škvorecký («The Cowards», 1958). The fact that these texts were written in the late 40ʼs and early 50ʼs, helps us to trace what kind of process began immediately after 1948, but didn’t get a consistent maturity in the texts of 50‘ because of culture politicization. The analysis was carried on a number of criteria in which, in our opinion, more obviously the controversy with the canon of socialist realism was shown. They are modality of narration (poetics and composition), the image of the hero and language.