The paper is devoted to the perception of St. Sergius of Radonezh in the XX century fiction and publicism as well. Statements from letters and diaries are also within the paper. The accent is done on polemics of writers and thinkers of Silver Age and Russian èmigre in respect of relationships between Church and State, correspondence of Christian morality and politics. There were also regarded in the paper the history of works creation, biographic context, source of motives, specific of stile. Following texts were taken as the material: Z. Gippius, S. Esenin, B. Zaitsev, I. Ilyin, A. Kuprin, O. Vysheslavtseva, M. Prishvin, A. Remizov, V. Rozanov, I. Shmelev, S. Frank.