The paper, based on the material of Dostoevsky’s Idioglossary, argues that the core of the author’s thesaurus is the concept of ‘tchelovek’. The semantic structure of the word “tchelovek” is determined considering definitions in explanatory dictionaries, the peculiarities of its use in works of fiction, in literary essays and in writer’s letters. The idiostyle features of the word “tchelovek” are demonstrated in the use of the word form “tcheloveki”, new formations, individual author’s attributes, which often perform an evaluative function, etc. Attention is paid to the coordinative connections of the word “tchelovek”, its parataxis. Conclusions are based on the analysis of generalized statements including this ideologeme, which makes it possible to determine the areas of intersection of the text semantic field “tchelovek” with other textual semantic fields.