The study begins with a comparison of the phonetic features of contemporary literary Bulgarian and Macedonian languages and their history; besides the general characteristic of the lexical structure of modern literary languages is presented. In more details are compared shaping of nouns, adjectives, pronouns, adverbs, and the system of verb forms and categories. A list of prepositions, conjunctions, particles, interjections is adduced; The authorʼs attention concentrates on the grammatical function of prepositions in both languages. Also the basic information about the sentence syntax is given.