The paper comprises Šafárik’s outlook on the problems of the Slovak ethnicity, culture, language and history both into the context of the European philosophical thinking and of the domestic traditions of thought. Following the works of Slovak and foreign researchers, it establishes connections between Herder’s conception of history and the viewpoints presented in “Slowanské Starožitnosti” (“Slavic Antiquities”), “Slowanský národopis” (“Slavic Ethnography”), “Geschichte der slawischen Sprache und Literatur nach allen Mundarten” (“History of the Slavic Language and Literature by All Vernaculars”), as well as in other Šafárik’s works. Becides these, it puts emphasis also on the intercommunication of Šafárik’s characteristics and the ethnical classification of the Slavs in terms of the context of the contemporary philosophical thinking, while being centred, inter alia, on the problematics of the perception of the nations as the history-shaping subjects, the role of the language as the determining characteristics of the nations and also on the problems of the cultural plurality and the direction of the history.