The article presents comparative analysis of the syntactic features of the original (“The Lay of Igor’s Warfare”) and translated (poetic exposition of the “The Lay of Igor’s Warfare” by A. Maikov) texts. As the observations on the grammatical structure of the translation of the mid-nineteenth century showed, the experience of A. Maikov reveals the growth (in comparison with the Old Russian monument) of the quantitative and qualitative diversity of the complicating structures (isolations, parenthesis), strengthening the role of the one-member infinitive sentences. In the Maykovʼs translation one can observe the frequent division of one initial sentence into two syntactic constructions. Replacing the type of the syntactic connection in the complex sentences is caused not only by the sequence of the rhythm-metrical scheme of trochee, but also by the poet-translator’s intention for the historical stylization of the text, for the elimination of the asyndeton by introducing the work which is more characteristic to the ancient book syntax (despite the unusually high percentage of asyndeton in “The Lay of Igor’s Warfare”) and for clarification of the semantic relations within the sentence. The poetic transposition of A. Maikov is distinguished by huge specific weight of hypo-taxiс relations in the syntactic system of the text in comparison with the translations of V. Zhukovsky and N. Zabolotsky.