The article analyzes the lexical means of creating the image of Saint Mary in the Polish literature of different times (15th–20th centuries). The features noted in particular works are compared to each other, also the most frequent literary devices are specified, and statistics are presented. On the basis of the analysis we conclude that the image develops and becomes more complex; that the religious tradition influences the works of art. There are also traditional formulas and borrowings of the stable definitions of Saint Mary from prayer texts.